Burner



J. L. POOLE ET AL BURNER Filed-April 18. 1928 Aug. 11, 1931.

Patented Aug. '1 l, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN Ia. POOLE AND HENRY J. G. BUDOLF, OF GALESBUBG, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOBS 'IO WINSLOW. BOILER AND ENGINEERING OMPANY,'OI' CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A COB- POBA'I'ION OF ILLINOIS Application filed April 10,

j; illustrative and the invention is applicable to other types of burners in this and other uses.

Among the ob'ects of the invention is to provide a novel urner and a novel method of combustion wherein a flame is produced like.

of a form or shape as to be better suited to boilers and the like than heretofore possible; to have a better heat transfer range for any given burner; to have greater stability, and to have increased efliciency.

In oil burners of the typehaving a large air tube or duct for conductin a stream of air or other supporter of com ustion from a blower or the like to an oil sprayin or atomized means or the like, it has en usual to include vanes in the air duct to cause a whirling of the air upon the theory of thorou hly mixing the air with the 011 spray. e result is a rather thick beam of air and oil mixed with lean and rich spots or areas and very little mushroomin of the flame. The flame is usually too e ongated and narrow, and by reason of its thickness, complete and eflicient combustion is im ossible and considerable deposit of car on, soot or the like is effected.

Hence, it is an object of this invention not to whirl or turbulently disturb the air stream but to so direct the stream into the atomized oil or other fuel to effect a resultant relatively flat and wide flame with a substantially even distribution of the air and fuel particles whereby lean and rich spots or areas are minimized or eliminated and com lete and eflicient combustion is obtained with no deposit of soot, carbon or the In a specific illustrative embodiment, this is arrived at by blowing a stream of air substantially linearly through a duct or tube and directing an atomized spray of oil or the like downwardly across the discharge outlet or the air duct and deflecting, preferably upwardl a part of said air stream BURNER 1988. Serial 1T0. 870,837.

of the two streams produces a resultant flame which is substantially horizontal, flat, and wide. The oil s ray is preferably effected by forcing un er pressure, the 011 through 'a mechanical atomizer to project the atomized particles at an angle to the axis of the air tube or duct and in a more or less hollow cone form. A deflector hav ing an upwardly inclined surface, is preferably located at the duct outlet to upwardly deflect the lower part of the air stream, thus, to a certain extent, flattening the same by directing the issuing stream at an angle or more or ess transversely to the general direction of the fuel spray. The deflector is preferably inclined at its sides so that the lateral sections of the air stream may be increased in cross-sectional areas for even distribution of those portions of air intersectin the segmental cross sectional areas of t e fuel spray having the larger number of fuel particles. In this way a more uniform distribution and mixture is effected so that all arts of the mixed volume will be correct or perfect and complete combustion.

The flame will not travel backward, and exists from the first point of intersection of the two streams to the other side of the combustion chamber. It is also widened by reason of its flattening and hence combustion is complete for substantially the whole horizontal area of the chamber, thus eliminating cold side currents of air and the like. The nozzle or atomizer is preferably located at the air duct outlet and a little in advance of the same, and the deflector similarly placed and provided with a notch or slot vertically beneath the nozzle to permit passing of drippage without any dropping of oil on the hot surface of the deflector and the forming of carbon or the like;

Other objects, capabilities, advanta es, features and process steps are comprehen ed by the inventlon as will later appear and are inherentl possessed thereby.

Referrlng to the drawings,

in side elevation Fig. 1 is a view part1 in vertical lon itudinal section and part of a construction following the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view in end elevation of the same;

Fi 3 is a horizontal fragmentary sectiona view taken in a plane represented by line 3-8 shown in Fi 1 of the drawings;

Fig. 4 is a view 0 an end of the burner with parts broken away and a schematic showing of the action of the streams and flame; and

Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of a furnace showing the position of the flame.

Referring now more in detail'to the drawings, the embodiment selected illustrate the invention is shown as comprising an an tube or duct 1 which ma be connected at its inlet end to a suita le motor driven blower for transmitting or conveying a stream of air throu h the tube 1 toward the outlet 2 thereof. ithin this tube 1 may be located an oil duct or ipe 3 sup orted by a bracket the forwa end of t e pipe 3 being suita ly bent to extend upwardly to carry a mechanical atomizer 5, the nozzle part of which maybe directed at an angle or inclined downwardly so as to be able to project an atomized stream of fuel particles into the form of a hollow cone represented by the dotted lines 6 and 7 in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the dotted line 8 being of utility to indicate the axis or center line of such nozzle and cone.

The bracket 4 may also support a pair of conductors 9 and 10 leading to spark terminals 11 and 12 between which a spark gap may be provided. These terminals and the gap are preferably located at the edge of or ust within the surface of the flame area as clearly shown in Fig. 4 of the draw- I; the lower part of the tube 1 and at the outlet thereof is located a deflector member 13 referably of refractory material and hel in position by any suitable securing means such as the bolt 14. This deflector has an inclined surface portion 15 extendin upwardly toward the outlet of the tube an has also an outwardly projecting portion 16 rovided with a slot 17 located vertically low the outlet of the nozzle 5 so that any drippa e of oil from the nozzle will pass throug this slot and below the burner without dan er of any of the drops falling upon the surfice of the member and thus carbonizing or coking upon the hot surface of the member. The surface 15 is preferably inclined laterally downwardly or, in other words, to form the surface portions 18 and 19 as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

It will be seen by inclining the surface 15 upwardly, that a portion, such as the lower. portion of the stream of air passing through the tube 1 will be deflected upwardly substantially along the dotted line 20 shown in Figure 4 of the drawings. The result is that when the air stream thus upwardly deflected intersects with the oil stream downwardly deflected, that there is a resultant projection of the flame asshown by the dotted line 21 in Fig. 4 of the drawings. This causes a flattening of the flame as well as a widening of the same so that it will have substantially the form shown in Fig. 5

of the drawings. In the previous structures,

where the stream of air issues as a beam, the resultant flame is thicker, longer or more elongated and narrower as indicated by the dotted line 22 in Fig. 5 of the drawings. This leaves a considerable air space on both sides of the flames, thus aiding in coolin the flame at the sides and causing deposit 0 carbon, soot, or the like. By the present invention, the flame is made to extend over a much greater area of the combustion space of the combustion chamber, and thus eliminating the disadvantages of the narrower, deeper and longer flame. Moreover, the flame 21 will extend substantially across the combustion chamber without impinging upon the oppoiste face or wall of the chamber as in the case of the flame 22.

Inasmuch as the fuel stream projected from the nozzle 5 will take the form of a hollow cone or the like, it will be seen that given sections of air stream at the sides of the air stream issuing from the tube 1, would come in contact with a larger number of oil particles 1n the segmental area at the sides of the oil stream, and a central or like section of the air stream would come in con tact with smaller areas and hence a smaller number of particles in the central part of the oil stream whereby too much air might be present for the particles in such areas whereas the side portions of the air stream might have too little air for the total number of oil particles in the side portions of the oil stream.

In order to provide a more even distribution of the air to the particles in the oil stream, the inclined surface of the member 13 is made with laterally and downwardly inclined portions or faces 18 and 19 on both sides of the slot 17 in order thatthe side portions of the air stream passing through the tube 1 and issuing therefrom will be increased in area, and thus furnish a larger amount of air to the side portions of the oil stream, and by having a central portion of the member 13 high or having a crest, the central section of the air stream will be accordingly decreased or made to be nearer to the proper size for mixing with the smaller areas at the central portions of the oil stream. Thus, this invention comprehends the idea of effecting as nearly as possible an even distribution of the air among the particles of oil projected from the nozzle whereby there w1ll be no rich or lean parts or areas causing the formation of carbon, soot and the like. This results in a complete llO combustion throughout the whole mass of the flame.

The angle of the nozzle may be varied to suit conditions and the shape of the deflector v delivery end of said duct and may be modified for use w1th oils of various viscosities and fire boxes of diflerent'dimensions. The deflector is preferably located to extend somewhat beyond the end of the air duct to permit a better projection or deflection-of the air stream into the oil stream. This advantage may be secured without dripping of oil from the nozzle upon the deflector by reason of having a slot in the deflector for the passage of such dripping.

While we have herein described and upon the drawings shown an illustrative embodiment of the invention, and the method of producing this novel combustion, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may comprehend other constructions, arrangements of parts, details, features, and process steps, without departing from the spirit thereof.

Having thus disclosed the invention,

We claim:

1. A burner comprising an air duct having an outlet, a nozzle at said outlet inclined downwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis of said duct to project particles of fuel in a downward and forward direction, the outlet of said nozzle being beyond the plane of the outlet of said duct, and a deflector at said outlet having a deflecting surface inclined upwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis of said duct for deflecting a part of the air stream upwardly and forwardly to produce a combustible mixture with said particles and form a relatively flat and wide flame, said deflector having a portion within and a portion without said duct outlet, and having a slot vertically beneath said nozzle outlet to permit passage of drippage.

2. A burner comprising an air duct having an outlet, a nozzle at said outlet inclined downwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis of said duct to project particles of fuel in a downward and forward direction, and a deflector at said outlet having a deflecting surface inclined upwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis of said duct for deflecting a part of the air stream upwardly and forwardly to produce a combustible mixture with said particles and form a relatively flat and wide flame, the upper surface of the deflector having laterally inclined side portions whereby larger segmental cross-sectional area portions of the air stream may act on the larger segmental cross-sectional area portions of the fuel particle stream for more even distribution of the air and particles.

3.A burner of the character described comprising an air duct having a delivery end, a liquid fuel conduit having a pressure oil-spray nozzle located adjacent said delivery end and positioned to direct liquid fuel s ray in a predetermined direction, and a efiector member located partly within the rojecting therebeyond, said deflector mem r being shaped to cause a portion of the air discharged by said duct and impinging upon the eflectorto travel across the direction of dischar e from said nozzle, so as to form a combusti le mixture and to effect a resultant relatively flat and wide flame upon ignition of said mixture, said deflector member having a slot formed i Ethe projecting portion thereof and locate in a position vertically beneath the nozzle orifice, so that drippage from the nozzle will drop through the slot.

4. A burner of the character described comprising an air duct having a delivery end, a liquid fuel conduit havin a pressure oil-spraymg nozzle located acent said delivery end positioned to direct liquid fuel spray ma predetermined direction, and a deflector member located partly within the delivery end of said duct and pro'ectin therebeyond, the top surface of said deflector member being inclined upwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis ofthe duct so as to cause a portion of the air discharged by said duct and impinging upon said surface to travel across the direction of discharge from said nozzle to form a combustible mixture and to effect a resultant relatively flat and wide flame upon ignition of said mixture, said deflector member having a slot formed in the projecting portion thereof and located in a position vertically beneath the nozzle orifice, so that drippage from the nozzel will drop through the slot, said deflector member also having its top surface extending laterally outward and downward on both sides of the slot.

5. A burner comprising a nozzle for projecting liquid fuel under pressure in the form of a spray of particles in aigiven path,

a duct for conductmga supporter of combustion to said sprayed particles, and a deflecting member in said duct, said nozzle and said deflecting member each extending a given distance beyond the outlet of sai duct, said deflecting member havin a slot for the passage of drippage from sai nozzle, and having its deflecting surface sloping upwardly and forwardly with respect to the spray path, said member being adapted to deflect a partof the supporter to cause the supporter to move in a direction transverse to said path and to mix with said particles to form a combustible mixture and to effect a resultant relatively flat and wide flame.

6. A burner comprising an air duct having an outlet, an oil conduit extending longitudinally through said duct and having an upturned discharge end, a nozzle secure to said discharge end adjacent the outlet of said air duct and inclined downwardly and forwardly with respect to the axis of the duct so as to proiect particles of fuel in. a downward and orward direction, and a deflector member having one end located. within said duct and its other end projected beyond said outlet, said deflector member having a deflecting surface inclined u wardly and forwardly with res V to t e axis of said duct so as to de ect a part of the 'air stream upwardly and forwardly to produce a combustible mixture and to form a relatively flat and wide flame.

In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names to this ification.

HENRY J. G. RUDOLF. 

